Tham khảo Bậc dinh dưỡng

  1. ↑ Science of Earth Systems. Cengage Learning. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7668-3391-3. 
  2. ↑ The Ecology of Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents. Princeton University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-691-04929-8. 
  3. 1 2 Lisowski M, Miaoulis I, Cyr M, Jones LC, Padilla MJ, Wellnitz TR (2004) Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Environmental Science, Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-115090-4
  4. ↑ American Heritage Science Dictionary, 2005. Houghton Mifflin Company.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Pauly, D.; Palomares, M.L. (2005). “Fishing down marine food webs: it is far more pervasive than we thought” (PDF). Bulletin of Marine Science 76 (2): 197–211. 
  6. ↑ Sahney, S. & Benton, M.J. (2008). “Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time” (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological 275 (1636): 759–65. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. 
  7. ↑ Odum WE and Heald EJ (1975) "The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community". Pages 265–286 in L. E. Cronin, ed. Estuarine research. Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.
  8. ↑ Pimm, SL; Lawton, JH (1978). “On feeding on more than one trophic level”. Nature 275 (5680): 542–544. doi:10.1038/275542a0. 
  9. ↑ Cortés, E (1999). “Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks”. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56 (5): 707–717. doi:10.1006/jmsc.1999.0489. 
  10. 1 2 Pauly, D; Trites, A; Capuli, E; Christensen, V (1998). “Diet composition and trophic levels of marine mammals”. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 55 (3): 467–481. doi:10.1006/jmsc.1997.0280. 
  11. ↑ Szpak, Paul; Orchard, Trevor J.; McKechnie, Iain; Gröcke, Darren R. (2012). “Historical Ecology of Late Holocene Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris) from Northern British Columbia: Isotopic and Zooarchaeological Perspectives”. Journal of Archaeological Science 39 (5): 1553–1571. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.006. 
  12. ↑ Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis Island Press. pp. 32–33.
  13. ↑ Sethi, SA; Branch, TA; Watson, R (2010). “Global fishery development patterns are driven by profit but not trophic level”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (27): 12163–12167. PMC 2901455. PMID 20566867. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003236107. 
  14. ↑ Branch, TA; Watson, Reg; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Jennings, Simon; McGilliard, Carey R.; Pablico, Grace T.; Ricard, Daniel; Tracey, Sean R. (2010). “Trophic fingerprint of marine fisheries” (PDF). Nature 468 (7322): 431–435. PMID 21085178. doi:10.1038/nature09528. 
  15. 1 2 Pauly, D; Christensen v, V; Dalsgaard, J; Froese, R; Torres Jr, FC Jr (1998). “Fishing down marine food webs”. Science 279 (5352): 860–863. PMID 9452385. doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.860. 
  16. ↑ Pauly, D; Christensen, V; Walters, C (2000). “Ecopath, Ecosim and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem impact of fisheries”. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57 (3): 697–706. doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0726. 
  17. ↑ Kareiva, Peter; Sahakian, Robert (1990). “Letters to Nature:Tritrophic effects of a simple architectural mutation in pea plants”. Nature 35 (6274): 433–434. doi:10.1038/345433a0. 
  18. ↑ P W Price; C E Bouton; P Gross; B A McPheron; J N Thompson; Weis, and A. E. (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 1980). “Interactions Among Three Trophic Levels: Influence of Plants on Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Natural Enemies”. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11 (1): 41–65. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000353. 
  19. ↑ “Fish On Line”. FishBase.  |chương= bị bỏ qua (trợ giúp)
  20. ↑ Yirka, Bob (ngày 3 tháng 12 năm 2013). “Eating up the world's food web and the human trophic level”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110: 20617–20620. doi:10.1073/pnas.1305827110. Tóm lược dễ hiểu – Phys.org. 
  21. ↑ Campbell, Bernard Grant (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 1995). Human Ecology: The Story of Our Place in Nature from Prehistory to the Present. tr. 12. ISBN 9780202366609. 

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Bậc dinh dưỡng http://dev.fmap.dal.ca/ramweb/papers-total/Branch%... http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v275/n5680/ab... http://uwo.academia.edu/PaulSzpak/Papers/1216885/H... //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596898 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901455 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18198148 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20566867 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085178 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452385 //dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fjmsc.1997.0280